Lomas Barbudal has a wealth of insect species, particularly bees, wasps, butterflies and moths. It is estimated that there are between 200 and 300 species of bees and 60 species of moths. Vertebrates are numerous, and some 130 species of birds have been sighted including the turkey vulture, elegant trogon, scarlet macaw and keel-billed toucan.
The most frequently observed mammals are the howler and white-faced monkeys, raccoon, tree squirrel, armadillo, white-nosed coati and, occasionally, white-tailed deer.
Most of the trees in the deciduous forest drop their leaves during the dry season. Some of the most common species include the spiny cedar, gumbo-limbo and wild plum. The riparian woods consist of a a strip along the rivers and gulches. They are mostly evergreen and are considered the densest and most species rich in the area, and contain exceptional numbers of solitary bees.
The savanna is an open grassland area with scattered trees, mainly the rough-leaf tree and the shoemaker's tree. The gallery forest is formed by a mixture of evergreen and such deciduous species as the chicle tree, rubber tree and tempisque.
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